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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Linux常见命令-帮助命令

            
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        <h1 id="man命令"><a href="#man命令" class="headerlink" title="man命令"></a>man命令</h1><p>man可以查看命令的帮组和配置文件的帮助</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h2 id="man查看命令信息"><a href="#man查看命令信息" class="headerlink" title="man查看命令信息"></a>man查看命令信息</h2><p>例如想要查看ls的帮助信息</p>
<figure class="highlight stata"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">man</span> <span class="keyword">ls</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>查看ls命令的帮助信息</p>
<p><img src="https://zhong-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/blog/20190816220906.png!blog" alt="20190816220906"></p>
<p>按<code>空格</code>翻页 按<code>q</code>离开</p>
<p><code>NAME</code>代表描述，说明这个命令的作用</p>
<p><code>SYNOPSIS</code>表示用法，说明这个命令的使用方法</p>
<p><code>DESCRIPTION</code>是各种选项参数的解释，如果你要快速的定位到某个选项参数信息，输入<code>/xxx</code>即可</p>
<h2 id="man查看配置文件信息"><a href="#man查看配置文件信息" class="headerlink" title="man查看配置文件信息"></a>man查看配置文件信息</h2><p>例如查看 locale.conf配置，注意不需要加绝对路径，直接名字即可</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">man locale.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://zhong-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/blog/20190816222824.png!blog" alt="20190816222824"></p>
<p><code>NAME</code>代表描述，说明这个命令的作用</p>
<p><code>SYNOPSIS</code>表示用法，说明这个命令的使用方法</p>
<p><code>DESCRIPTION</code>是各种选项参数的解释，如果你要快速的定位到某个选项参数信息</p>
<p>往后翻，可以查看到使用的方法</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">OPTIONS</span><br><span class="line">       The following locale settings may be set using /etc/locale.conf: LANG=, LANGUAGE=, LC_CTYPE=, LC_NUMERIC=, LC_TIME=, LC_COLLATE=,</span><br><span class="line">       LC_MONETARY=, LC_MESSAGES=, LC_PAPER=, LC_NAME=, LC_ADDRESS=, LC_TELEPHONE=, LC_MEASUREMENT=, LC_IDENTIFICATION=. Note that LC_ALL may not</span><br><span class="line">       be configured in this file. For details about the meaning and semantics of these settings, refer to locale(7).</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">EXAMPLE</span><br><span class="line">       Example 1. German locale with English messages</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="特殊情况"><a href="#特殊情况" class="headerlink" title="特殊情况"></a>特殊情况</h1><p>如果碰到一个即是命令又是配置文件的该怎么办？</p>
<p>例如<code>passwd</code>命令</p>
<p>用<code>whereis</code>查看<code>passwd</code></p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@ecs-s2-medium-2-linux-20190722215607 /]# whereis passwd</span><br><span class="line">passwd: /usr/bin/passwd /etc/passwd /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.5.gz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以看到查出来既有命令又有配置文件，第一个是命令的位置，第二个是配置文件的位置，第三个是命令帮助文件的位置，第四个是配置文件帮助命令的位置</p>
<p><code>1</code>是命令的帮助 <code>5</code>是配置文件的帮助。优先显示命令的帮组</p>
<figure class="highlight inform7"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">man</span> 5 passwd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>即可查看该配置文件的信息</p>
<h1 id="whatis命令"><a href="#whatis命令" class="headerlink" title="whatis命令"></a>whatis命令</h1><p>如果只是想简单的看下该命令是做什么的可以用此命令</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">what <span class="keyword">is</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>该命令会直接显示<code>NAME</code>的信息，这样就不用看一大片的英文了。</p>
<figure class="highlight lsl"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@ecs-s2-medium<span class="number">-2</span>-linux<span class="number">-20190722215607</span> /]# whatis ls</span><br><span class="line">ls (<span class="number">1</span>)               - <span class="type">list</span> directory contents</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="apropos-命令"><a href="#apropos-命令" class="headerlink" title="apropos 命令"></a>apropos 命令</h1><p>如果想简单的查看配置文件的信息，用该命令即可</p>
<p>例如</p>
<figure class="highlight stata"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@ecs-s2-medium-2-linux-20190722215607 /]# apropos locale.<span class="keyword">conf</span></span><br><span class="line">locale.<span class="keyword">conf</span> (5)      - Configuration <span class="keyword">file</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> locale settings</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="–help-选项"><a href="#–help-选项" class="headerlink" title="–help 选项"></a>–help 选项</h1><p>利用<code>--help</code>会把常见的选项信息列出</p>
<figure class="highlight vbnet"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@ecs-s2-medium<span class="number">-2</span>-linux<span class="number">-20190722215607</span> /]<span class="meta"># ls --help</span></span><br><span class="line">Usage: ls [<span class="keyword">OPTION</span>]... [FILE]...</span><br><span class="line">List information about the FILEs (the current directory <span class="keyword">by</span> <span class="keyword">default</span>).</span><br><span class="line">Sort entries alphabetically <span class="keyword">if</span> none <span class="keyword">of</span> -cftuvSUX nor --sort <span class="keyword">is</span> specified.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Mandatory arguments <span class="keyword">to</span> <span class="built_in">long</span> options are mandatory <span class="keyword">for</span> <span class="built_in">short</span> options too.</span><br><span class="line">  -a, --all                  <span class="keyword">do</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> ignore entries starting <span class="keyword">with</span> .</span><br><span class="line">  -A, --almost-all           <span class="keyword">do</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> list implied . <span class="keyword">and</span> ..</span><br><span class="line">      --author               <span class="keyword">with</span> -l, print the author <span class="keyword">of</span> <span class="keyword">each</span> file</span><br><span class="line">  -b, --escape               print C-style escapes <span class="keyword">for</span> nongraphic characters</span><br><span class="line">      --block-size=SIZE      scale sizes <span class="keyword">by</span> SIZE before printing them; e.g.,</span><br><span class="line">                               <span class="comment">'--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of</span></span><br><span class="line">                               <span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">048</span>,<span class="number">576</span> bytes; see SIZE format below</span><br><span class="line">  -B, --ignore-backups       <span class="keyword">do</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> list implied entries ending <span class="keyword">with</span> ~</span><br><span class="line">  -c                         <span class="keyword">with</span> -lt: sort <span class="keyword">by</span>, <span class="keyword">and</span> show, ctime (time <span class="keyword">of</span> last</span><br><span class="line">                               modification <span class="keyword">of</span> file status information);</span><br><span class="line">                               <span class="keyword">with</span> -l: show ctime <span class="keyword">and</span> sort <span class="keyword">by</span> name;</span><br><span class="line">                               otherwise: sort <span class="keyword">by</span> ctime, newest first</span><br><span class="line">  -C                         list entries <span class="keyword">by</span> columns</span><br><span class="line">      --color[=<span class="keyword">WHEN</span>]         colorize the output; <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> can be <span class="comment">'never', 'auto',</span></span><br><span class="line">                               <span class="keyword">or</span> <span class="comment">'always' (the default); more info below</span></span><br><span class="line">  -d, --directory            list directories themselves, <span class="keyword">not</span> their contents</span><br><span class="line">  -D, --dired                generate output designed <span class="keyword">for</span> Emacs<span class="comment">' dired mode</span></span><br><span class="line">  -f                         <span class="keyword">do</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="help-命令"><a href="#help-命令" class="headerlink" title="help 命令"></a>help 命令</h1><p>该命令可以查看Shell内置命令的帮助信息</p>
<p>什么是内置命令？在shell中默认设置的命令就是内置命令。shell的作用就是向内核解释代码。</p>
<p>例如<code>cd</code>命令</p>
<figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@ecs-s2-medium-2-linux-20190722215607 /]#<span class="built_in"> type </span>cd</span><br><span class="line">cd is a shell builtin</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>使用<code>help</code>命令查看<code>cd</code>命令</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@ecs-s2-medium-2-linux-20190722215607 /]# help cd</span><br><span class="line">cd: cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]</span><br><span class="line">    Change the shell working directory.</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    Change the current directory to DIR.  The default DIR is the value of the</span><br><span class="line">    HOME shell variable.</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing</span><br><span class="line">    DIR.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).</span><br><span class="line">    A null directory name is the same as the current directory.  If DIR begins</span><br><span class="line">    with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,</span><br><span class="line">    the word is assumed to be  a variable name.  If that variable has a value,</span><br><span class="line">    its value is used for DIR.</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    Options:</span><br><span class="line">        -L	force symbolic links to be followed</span><br><span class="line">        -P	use the physical directory structure without following symbolic</span><br><span class="line">    	links</span><br><span class="line">        -e	if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory</span><br><span class="line">    	cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    Exit Status:</span><br><span class="line">    Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when</span><br><span class="line">    -P is used; non-zero otherwise.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><ol>
<li>man 查看命令或配置文件帮助 </li>
<li>whatis 获得命令简短的信息</li>
<li>apropos 获得配置文件的简短信息</li>
<li>help 查看shell查看shell内置命令信息</li>
</ol>

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